For me it happens after previous debugging.
(I am on Windows10 64 Bit)
It happens for me when I am using MSVC17 or MSVC17 64 Bit in TheIDE and only after debugging.

In the Windows Taskmanager it can be seen, that the previously debugged process is still attached to TheIDE.
If I choose "Debug" in the Windows Taskmanager then Windows tries to attach the VSstudio debugger.

Attaching VSStudio debugger fails.

There is an error message, which says "There is another debugger attached to this process, which is not configured to handle this kind of exception".

It seems to me, it happens, when the debugee was stopped and had some kind of exception during shutdown and this probably prevented the debugger from detaching.

These are just my observations. (And educated guesses) Hope this is useful.
I have no experience with windows programming, but have used debuggers on DOS and Linux some decades ago.